{"id":800,"date":"2014-02-14T16:52:38","date_gmt":"2014-02-14T15:52:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?p=800"},"modified":"2023-10-26T22:38:07","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T20:38:07","slug":"emilie-robillard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?p=800","title":{"rendered":"Emilie, Robillard"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"ELEGEM_Robillard\"<\/a>Assistante ing\u00e9nieur CNRS<\/p>\n

Correspondante formation<\/p>\n

T\u00e8l. 01 69 15 68 11
\nFax 33 1 69 82 37 36
\nM\u00e8l. emilie.robillard@universite-paris-saclay.fr<\/p>\n

Th\u00e8mes de Recherche<\/strong>
\nActivit\u00e9 et r\u00e9gulation de l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment transposable mariner<\/em> dans Drosophila melanogaster<\/em>.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9gulation spatiotemporelle de mariner<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Dynamique d’invasion de\u00a0l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment transposable mariner<\/em> et comp\u00e9tition entre copies autonomes et non autonomes.<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables<\/b><\/p>\n

Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables sont des s\u00e9quences d’ADN constituant une grande part des g\u00e9nomes, et capables de se d\u00e9placer au sein de ceux-ci. Ils sont r\u00e9partis en deux classes ; les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de classe I qui se propagent gr\u00e2ce a une copie ARN r\u00e9tro-transcrite, et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de classe II, qui s’excisent et se r\u00e9ins\u00e8rent ailleurs (interm\u00e9diaire ADN), dont mariner <\/i>fait partie.<\/p>\n

Bien qu’ils puissent \u00eatre responsables de nombreux remaniements g\u00e9nomiques et mutations, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables sont aussi source de diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, et sont \u00e0 ce titre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des acteurs majeurs de l’\u00e9volution.<\/p>\n

mariner<\/i>, Mos1<\/i> et peach<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Le premier \u00e9l\u00e9ment transposable mariner de type Mos1<\/em> (sous-famille mauritiana) a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert chez Drosophila mauritiana, sur une souche entretenue en laboratoire, o\u00f9 l’on a d\u00e9tect\u00e9 un mutant aux yeux p\u00eaches. Ce mutant s’est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 porteur d’un all\u00e8le du g\u00e8ne white<\/em>, instable, nomm\u00e9 Wpch<\/em>. La copie de mariner<\/em> responsable de cette mutation est nomm\u00e9e peach<\/em> et est ins\u00e9r\u00e9e dans l’extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 5′ du g\u00e8ne white<\/em>, situ\u00e9 sur le chromosome X. Cette copie est non autonome, elle est mobilis\u00e9e par une autre copie de mariner<\/em>, nomm\u00e9e Mos1<\/em>.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9l\u00e9ment mariner<\/em> est une s\u00e9quence de 1286 paires de bases (pb), avec deux inversions terminales r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es (ITR) de 28 pb, comportant 4 mismatches. Cette s\u00e9quence contient une phase ouverte de lecture codant pour une transposase de 346 acides amin\u00e9s . La copie Mos1<\/em> ne diff\u00e8re de la copie peach<\/em> que par 11 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism).<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables de type mariner sont pr\u00e9sents dans toutes les esp\u00e8ces de Drosophiles du sous-groupe melanogaster<\/em>, a l’exception de D. melanogaster<\/em>. Le syst\u00e8me a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit chez D. melanogaster<\/em> par transformation \u00e0 l’aide de l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment P, car il existe beaucoup plus d’outils disponibles pour cette esp\u00e8ce, rendant plus ais\u00e9e l’analyse g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n

L’activit\u00e9 somatique d’excision de Wpch<\/em> peut ainsi \u00eatre facilement visualis\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce a un test ph\u00e9notypique: le g\u00e8ne white<\/em> est partiellement inactiv\u00e9 par l’insertion de la copie peach. Le ph\u00e9notype correspondant a cet all\u00e8le Wpch<\/em>est la couleur p\u00eache des yeux. La mobilisation somatique de peach<\/em>, dans certaines cellules de l’oeil, par une transposase fournie en trans par la copie autonome Mos1<\/em>, aboutit a une restauration de l’activit\u00e9 du g\u00e8ne white<\/em>. Ceci s’exprime par un ph\u00e9notype dit \u00ab mosa\u00efque \u00bb, les mouches pr\u00e9sentant au niveau de l’oeil des patchs rouges (excision) sur un fond p\u00eache (pas d’excision). Le nombre de patchs sur les yeux et leur \u00e9tendue (d’un simple point a une tache importante) sont le reflet du niveau d’activit\u00e9 et de la p\u00e9riode d’expression au cours du d\u00e9veloppement. Le pourcentage de mouches pr\u00e9sentant ce mosa\u00efcisme est un autre indicateur du niveau d’activit\u00e9. La modulation de l’activit\u00e9 est en partie li\u00e9e a des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d’autor\u00e9gulation, mais semble aussi d\u00e9pendre du nombre de copies et de leur position g\u00e9nomique.<\/p>\n

\"081022_wplus1\"<\/a> \"081022_yw3\"<\/a> \"081022_L16_taches2\"<\/a> \"081022_L16_taches1\"<\/a> \"081022_L10_peach\"<\/a> \"081022_L4_diffus4\"<\/a> \"081022_L4_diffus3\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Assistante ing\u00e9nieur CNRS Correspondante formation T\u00e8l. 01 69 15 68 11 Fax 33 1 69 82 37 36 M\u00e8l. emilie.robillard@universite-paris-saclay.fr Th\u00e8mes de Recherche Activit\u00e9 et r\u00e9gulation de l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment transposable mariner dans Drosophila melanogaster. R\u00e9gulation spatiotemporelle de mariner. Dynamique d’invasion de\u00a0l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment transposable mariner et comp\u00e9tition entre copies autonomes et non autonomes. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":62,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-personnels"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/62"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=800"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/800\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17875,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/800\/revisions\/17875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}