{"id":7827,"date":"2017-07-06T09:34:31","date_gmt":"2017-07-06T08:34:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?p=7827"},"modified":"2017-07-06T09:34:31","modified_gmt":"2017-07-06T08:34:31","slug":"combattre-le-feu-par-le-feu-immunite-antivirale-mediee-par-les-petits-arns-derives-de-virus-endogenes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?p=7827","title":{"rendered":"Combattre le feu par le feu : immunit\u00e9 antivirale m\u00e9di\u00e9e par les petits ARNs d\u00e9riv\u00e9s de virus endog\u00e8nes"},"content":{"rendered":"

CLICK HERE FOR ENGLISH VERSION<\/a><\/p>\n

Les virus endog\u00e8nes sont des g\u00e9nomes (ou fragments de g\u00e9nomes) viraux int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans le g\u00e9nome de la lign\u00e9e germinale de leur h\u00f4te et h\u00e9rit\u00e9s verticalement dans les populations h\u00f4tes. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 r\u00e9cemment, la grande majorit\u00e9 des virus endog\u00e8nes connus appartenait \u00e0 la famille des Retroviridae, dont le cycle de r\u00e9plication implique n\u00e9cessairement une phase d\u2019int\u00e9gration dans le g\u00e9nome h\u00f4te. Aujourd\u2019hui on sait que tous les virus, qu\u2019ils soient \u00e0 ARN ou \u00e0 ADN, peuvent s\u2019int\u00e9grer (accidentellement) dans le g\u00e9nome de leurs h\u00f4tes. En revanche, on ne connait pas encore bien les cons\u00e9quences que peuvent avoir ces int\u00e9grations sur la dynamique des interactions h\u00f4tes\/virus. Des \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes ont montr\u00e9 que chez certains insectes, des virus endog\u00e8nes pouvaient \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques \u00e0 leurs h\u00f4tes en les prot\u00e9geant des virus exog\u00e8nes apparent\u00e9s. Cette protection peut notamment \u00eatre conf\u00e9r\u00e9e via transcription bidirectionnelle des virus endog\u00e8nes et formation d\u2019ARNs bicat\u00e9naires pr\u00e9curseurs de petits ARN ciblant les virus exog\u00e8nes apparent\u00e9s. Au cours de ce stage, nous analyserons des donn\u00e9es de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age haut d\u00e9bit de petits et longs ARNs (RNA-seq) produites \u00e0 partir de gonades m\u00e2les et femelles et de tissus somatiques d\u2019un crustac\u00e9 terrestre, le cloporte Armadillidium vulgare<\/em>. Dans un premier temps nous r\u00e9annoterons finement les virus endog\u00e8nes que nous avons caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s en 2014 sur une nouvelle version du g\u00e9nome du cloporte (issue de l\u2019assemblage de longs reads). Nous mapperons ensuite les donn\u00e9es RNA-seq (reads illumina) sur ces r\u00e9gions g\u00e9nomiques. Cela permettra de savoir si certains virus endog\u00e8nes sont transcrits, comment et dans quel sens, et s\u2019ils sont sources de petits ARNs. Plus largement, cette \u00e9tude permettra de savoir si \u00e0 l\u2019instar des insectes, les crustac\u00e9s peuvent \u00e9galement d\u00e9velopper une immunit\u00e9 anti-virale via co-option de virus endog\u00e8nes. Des connaissances en programmation (R, bash, perl, python\u2026) seront clairement un plus.<\/p>\n

Encadrant :<\/strong> Cl\u00e9ment Gilbert<\/a> (clement.gilbert@cnrs.egce-gif.fr<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Co-encadrant\u00a0:<\/strong> Richard Cordaux<\/a> (Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5 r\u00e9f\u00e9rences en lien avec le sujet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Metegnier G., Becking T., Chebbi M.A., Giraud I., Moumen B., Schaack S., Cordaux R., Gilbert C. Comparative paleovirological analysis of crustaceans identifies multiple widespread viral groups. Mob. DNA<\/em> 6: 16. (2015)<\/p>\n

Th\u00e9z\u00e9 J., Leclercq S., Moumen B., Cordaux R., Gilbert C. Remarkable diversity of endogenous viruses in a crustacean isopod. Genome Biol. Evol.<\/em> 6(8): 2129\u20132140 (2014)<\/p>\n

Gilbert C., Meik J.M., Card D.C., Castoe T.A., Schaack S. Endogenous hepadnaviruses, bornaviruses and circoviruses in snakes. Proc. Biol. Soc. B <\/em>281: 1791. (2014)<\/p>\n

Feschotte C., Gilbert C. Endogenous viruses: insights into viral evolution and impact on host biology. Nature Rev. Genetics<\/em> 13: 283-296. (2012)<\/p>\n

Gilbert C., Feschotte C. Genomic fossils calibrate the long-term evolution of hepatitis B viruses. PLoS Biol.<\/em> 8: 9: e1000495. (2010)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CLICK HERE FOR ENGLISH VERSION Les virus endog\u00e8nes sont des g\u00e9nomes (ou fragments de g\u00e9nomes) viraux int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans le g\u00e9nome de la lign\u00e9e germinale de leur h\u00f4te et h\u00e9rit\u00e9s verticalement dans les populations h\u00f4tes. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 r\u00e9cemment, la grande majorit\u00e9 des virus endog\u00e8nes connus appartenait \u00e0 la famille des Retroviridae, dont le cycle de r\u00e9plication implique […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7827"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7827\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}