{"id":245,"date":"2013-11-22T15:34:11","date_gmt":"2013-11-22T14:34:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?p=245"},"modified":"2013-11-22T15:34:11","modified_gmt":"2013-11-22T14:34:11","slug":"evaluation-par-simulation-dune-nouvelle-methode-pour-tester-le-conservatisme-de-niche","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?p=245","title":{"rendered":"Evaluation par simulation d’une nouvelle m\u00e9thode pour tester le conservatisme de niche."},"content":{"rendered":"

Nom de l’\u00e9quipe d’accueil<\/strong>
\nDiversit\u00e9, Ecologie et Evolution des Insectes Tropicaux<\/p>\n

Responsable<\/strong>
\nDupas<\/p>\n

Profil du candidat<\/strong>
\nBioinformaticien biostatisticien, et\/ou biologiste des populations.<\/p>\n

Descriptif du stage<\/strong>
\nLes mod\u00e8les de niche caract\u00e9risent l\u2019espace de variables environnementales permettant la survie d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce. Le test de conservatisme de niche est une question centrale en biologie \u00e9volutive et dans le domaine de la pr\u00e9diction de la r\u00e9ponse des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes aux changements climatiques1. Le stage consistera en l\u2019\u00e9valuation par simulation d\u2019une nouvelle m\u00e9thode de test hi\u00e9rarchique du conservatisme de niche. Les m\u00e9thodes actuelles de test de conservatisme de niche sont bas\u00e9es sur des m\u00e9thodes de randomisation co\u00fbteuse en temps de calcul. Par ailleurs pour des taxons allopatriques il est difficile de distinguer les diff\u00e9rences entre taxons dues \u00e0 la niche \u00e9cologique de celles dues \u00e0 l\u2019histoire. Nous avons d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une m\u00e9thode hi\u00e9rarchique visant \u00e0 tester un mod\u00e8le avec une seule niche pour les deux taxons contre un mod\u00e8le avec deux niches diff\u00e9rentes. Pour tester la m\u00e9thode, le stagiaire simulera des distributions d\u2019esp\u00e8ces allopatriques ayant ou non la m\u00eame niche \u00e9cologique. Les donn\u00e9es seront simul\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de mod\u00e8les purement th\u00e9oriques, ou obtenus \u00e0 partir de distributions r\u00e9elles (plantes, vert\u00e9br\u00e9s, ou insectes). Les statistiques de test (LRT, AIC, AICc, BIC) seront choisies de sorte \u00e0 valider le risque alpha (rejeter le conservatisme alors qu\u2019il est vrai) du test. Une premi\u00e8re version de manuscrit sera \u00e9crite pour publication<\/p>\n

1 L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se du conservatisme de la niche climatique est avanc\u00e9e comme une des hypoth\u00e8ses pour expliquer la plus grande diversit\u00e9 des esp\u00e8ces dans les milieux tropicaux. Les r\u00e9gions temp\u00e9r\u00e9es ont subit des changements climatiques importants durant le tertiaire et le quaternaire alors que les r\u00e9gions tropicales sont rest\u00e9es chaudes et humides. Si la niche climatique est soumise \u00e0 une forte inertie phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tique (conservatisme de niche), peu de taxon ont pu survivre dans les r\u00e9gions temp\u00e9r\u00e9es, alors que dans les zones tropicales les esp\u00e8ces se sont diversifi\u00e9es sans extinction majeure. Ces hypoth\u00e8ses sont particuli\u00e8rement importantes pour pr\u00e9dire la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes au r\u00e9chauffement climatique actuel.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong>
\nGonzalez, S.C., Soto-Centeno, J.A. & Reed, D.L. (2011). Population distribution models: species distributions are better modeled using biologically relevant data partitions. BMC ecology, 11, 20.
\nMeynard, C. N., & Quinn, J. F. (2007). Predicting species distributions: a critical comparison of the most common statistical models using artificial species. Journal of Biogeography, 34(8), 1455-1469.
\nWarren, D.L., Glor, R.E. & Turelli, M. (2008). Environmental niche equivalency versus conservatism: quantitative approaches to niche evolution. Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 62, 2868\u201383.<\/p>\n

Mots clefs<\/strong>
\nMod\u00e8les de niche, Changements globaux, Conservatisme de niche<\/p>\n

Contact<\/strong>
\nSt\u00e9phane Dupas, IRD BEI c\/o CNRS Laboratoire Evolution, G\u00e9nomes et Sp\u00e9ciation, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, B\u00e2timent 13, BP 1, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France T\u00e9l. : +33 (0)1 69 82 37 25, e-mail : dupas@universite-paris-saclay.fr<\/p>\n

Date de validit\u00e9<\/strong>
\nMercredi 01 Janvier 2014<\/p>\n

Dur\u00e9e (mois)<\/strong>
\n6<\/p>\n

Date de publication du stage<\/strong>
\nMercredi 05 Juin 2013<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nom de l’\u00e9quipe d’accueil Diversit\u00e9, Ecologie et Evolution des Insectes Tropicaux Responsable Dupas Profil du candidat Bioinformaticien biostatisticien, et\/ou biologiste des populations. Descriptif du stage Les mod\u00e8les de niche caract\u00e9risent l\u2019espace de variables environnementales permettant la survie d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce. Le test de conservatisme de niche est une question centrale en biologie \u00e9volutive et dans le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-master-i","category-master-ii"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=245"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}