{"id":2382,"date":"2014-04-24T12:58:51","date_gmt":"2014-04-24T11:58:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?p=2382"},"modified":"2014-04-24T12:58:51","modified_gmt":"2014-04-24T11:58:51","slug":"conflit-genetique-et-contribution-du-chromosome-y-aux-variations-de-lepigenome-chez-drosophila-simulans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?p=2382","title":{"rendered":"Conflit g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et contribution du chromosome Y aux variations de l\u2019\u00e9pig\u00e9nome chez Drosophila simulans."},"content":{"rendered":"

Nom de l’\u00e9quipe d’accueil<\/strong>
\nG\u00e9n\u00e9tique Evolutive, Reproduction et Adaptation des Drosophiles<\/p>\n

Responsable<\/strong>
\nCatherine Montchamp-Moreau<\/p>\n

Profil du candidat<\/strong>
\nInt\u00e9ress\u00e9(e) par les conflits g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques et\/ou le r\u00f4le des processus \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tique dans l’\u00e9volution<\/p>\n

Descriptif du stage<\/strong>
\nConstitu\u00e9 essentiellement de s\u00e9quences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es, le chromosome Y de la drosophile <\/span>a pour particularit\u00e9 d’\u00eatre enti\u00e8rement h\u00e9t\u00e9rochromatique. Cet ADN \u00ab\u00a0non codant\u00a0\u00bb, un temps qualifi\u00e9 de\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0poubelle\u00a0\u00bb, est en fait un acteur important de la modulation de l\u2019\u00e9tat \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tique. Chez D. melanogaster<\/i>, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 montr\u00e9 que le chromosome Y peut agir sur la transcription de centaines de g\u00e8nes \u00e0 travers l\u2019ensemble du g\u00e9nome, avec un impact possible sur des traits ph\u00e9notypiques tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9s (1).
\nLe sujet propos\u00e9 s\u2019inscrit dans le contexte de nos recherches sur les modalit\u00e9s d’\u00e9volution du chromosome Y de\u00a0 D. simulans<\/i>, une esp\u00e8ce originaire d’Afrique. Nous avons montr\u00e9 que l’expansion r\u00e9cente\u00a0 de <\/span>D. simulans <\/i><\/span>hors du continent Africain est concomitante du d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un conflit g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre les chromosomes sexuels pour leur transmission.\u00a0 Dans ce conflit, le chromosome Y \u00e9volue pour r\u00e9sister \u00e0 des distorteurs de s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation port\u00e9s par le chromosome X (2-3). Ces distorteurs emp\u00eachent la transmission de l ‘Y\u00a0 lors de la m\u00e9iose et affectent la fertilit\u00e9 m\u00e2le.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le stage sera consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l’analyse comparative de chromosomes Y qui correspondent \u00e0 deux stades diff\u00e9rents de l’\u00e9volution du conflit g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. Il comportera principalement le\u00a0 traitement et l\u2019analyse statistique de donn\u00e9es de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age haut d\u00e9bit (ARN) afin de:
\n– Caract\u00e9riser la capacit\u00e9 du chromosome Y de D. simulans<\/i> \u00e0 moduler l\u2019expression des g\u00e8nes port\u00e9s par les autres chromosomes, en comparant des transcriptomes de m\u00e2les qui diff\u00e8rent seulement par le chromosome Y .
\n– Explorer la relation possible avec l\u2019\u00e9volution du conflit entre les chromosomes sexuels, en faisant \u00e9galement varier le chromosome X des m\u00e2les (distorteur vs non-distorteur).
\n– Rechercher les processus par lesquels le chromosome Y modifie l\u2019\u00e9tat \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tique, en\u00a0 <\/span>analysant et comparant les pools de petits ARN produits par des m\u00e2les porteurs de chromosomes Y diff\u00e9rents.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong>
\n(1) Lemos et al. 2010. Epigenetic effects of polymorphic Y chromosomes modulate chromatin components, immune response, and sexual conflict. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98\u00a0:5677-5682.
\n(2) Montchamp-Moreau et al. 2001. The Y chromosomes of Drosophila simulans<\/i> are highly polymorphic for their ability to suppress sex ratio<\/i> drive. Evolution 55\u00a0: 728-737
\n(3) Bastide et al., 2013. sex-ratio<\/i> system in Drosophila simulans<\/i>. Mol. Ecol. 22: 5352-5367<\/p>\n

Mots clefs<\/strong>
\n\u00e9volution, conflit g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, h\u00e9t\u00e9rochromatine, chromosomes sexuels,\u00a0 transcriptome<\/p>\n

Contact<\/strong>
\ncatherine.montchamp@universite-paris-saclay.fr<\/p>\n

Date de validit\u00e9<\/strong>
\njanvier 2016<\/p>\n

Dur\u00e9e (mois)<\/strong>
\n6 semaines (M1)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nom de l’\u00e9quipe d’accueil G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Evolutive, Reproduction et Adaptation des Drosophiles Responsable Catherine Montchamp-Moreau Profil du candidat Int\u00e9ress\u00e9(e) par les conflits g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques et\/ou le r\u00f4le des processus \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tique dans l’\u00e9volution Descriptif du stage Constitu\u00e9 essentiellement de s\u00e9quences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es, le chromosome Y de la drosophile a pour particularit\u00e9 d’\u00eatre enti\u00e8rement h\u00e9t\u00e9rochromatique. Cet ADN \u00ab\u00a0non codant\u00a0\u00bb, un […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,30,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-master-i","category-master-ii","category-stages"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2382","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2382"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2382\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}