{"id":215,"date":"2013-11-22T14:06:03","date_gmt":"2013-11-22T13:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?p=215"},"modified":"2013-11-22T14:06:03","modified_gmt":"2013-11-22T13:06:03","slug":"selection-sexuelle-postcopulatoire-quel-role-du-fluide-seminal-sur-le-comportement-reproducteur-des-drosophiles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?p=215","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9lection sexuelle postcopulatoire : quel r\u00f4le du fluide s\u00e9minal sur le comportement reproducteur des drosophiles ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nom de l’\u00e9quipe d’accueil<\/strong>
\nG\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00c9volutive, Reproduction et Adaptation des drosophiles<\/p>\n

Responsable<\/strong>
\nJoly<\/p>\n

Profil du candidat<\/strong>
\nComportement, biologie \u00e9volutive, reproduction<\/p>\n

Descriptif du stage<\/strong>
\nChez les esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 f\u00e9condation interne, le fluide s\u00e9minal est un cocktail complexe de mol\u00e9cules biologiques. Celles-ci sont impliqu\u00e9es dans divers processus qui affectent notamment le comportement et la physiologie de la femelle ainsi que le stockage et l’utilisation des spermatozo\u00efdes. En modifiant leur succ\u00e8s reproducteur elles repr\u00e9sentent donc une composante importante de la valeur s\u00e9lective des m\u00e2les. Ces substances participent du conflit sexuel puisqu’elles augmentent le succ\u00e8s reproducteur d’un sexe au d\u00e9triment de l’autre. Longtemps ignor\u00e9s, les effets post-copulatoires ont cependant \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s chez la plupart des groupes taxonomiques y compris les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s et sont potentiellement responsables du r\u00e9gime d’accouplement monoandre\/polyandre des esp\u00e8ces. Bien \u00e9tudi\u00e9 chez les insectes, et notamment chez D. melanogaster, on sait cependant encore peu de choses sur la similarit\u00e9 des processus mis en \u0153uvre chez d’autres esp\u00e8ces caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es notamment par des strat\u00e9gies de reproduction diff\u00e9rente. L’objectif de l’\u00e9tude est d’analyser la r\u00e9ceptivit\u00e9 des femelles apr\u00e8s un accouplement chez les 9 esp\u00e8ces du sous-groupe melanogaster afin de d\u00e9terminer le r\u00f4le de chaque sexe dans le succ\u00e8s \u00e0 l’accouplement. Il s\u2019agira de distinguer les variations de la r\u00e9ceptivit\u00e9 femelle li\u00e9es aux effets transitoires dus aux substances s\u00e9minales seules de ceux produits \u00e0 plus long terme par leur association avec les spermatozo\u00efdes. Pour chaque esp\u00e8ce, les caract\u00e9ristiques reproductives des femelles inject\u00e9es avec du fluide s\u00e9minal seront compar\u00e9es \u00e0 celles des femelles vierges et des femelles accoupl\u00e9es. Des exp\u00e9riences crois\u00e9es d’injection de fluide s\u00e9minal de m\u00e2les appartenant \u00e0 une esp\u00e8ce diff\u00e9rente de la femelle seront \u00e9galement entreprises pour savoir si les m\u00eames processus physiologiques sont en jeu dans les diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces. Des constructions transg\u00e9niques pourront aussi \u00eatre effectu\u00e9es afin d\u2019\u00e9tudier le r\u00f4le de g\u00e8nes candidats (identifi\u00e9s par ailleurs en prot\u00e9omique) sur la r\u00e9ceptivit\u00e9 femelle. Ces r\u00e9sultats permettront d\u2019identifier les prot\u00e9ines s\u00e9minales impliqu\u00e9es dans les interactions postcopulatoires entre sexes et contribueront \u00e0 mieux comprendre le r\u00f4le de la manipulation biochimique du m\u00e2le dans l’\u00e9volution du conflit sexuel. Ce projet fait partie d’un programme plus large d’\u00e9tude des signaux chimiques dans les interactions sexuelles postcopulatoires chez les drosophiles, projet soutenu par l’ANR (SexDro 2011-2014, resp. : D. Joly).<\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong>
\nFindlay et al. 2008. PLoS Biol 6: e178. Liu & Kubli 2003. PNAS 100:9929-9933. Peng et al. 2005. Curr. Biol. 15: 207-213. Ram & Wolfner 2007. PLOS Genet 3: e238 Wedell 2005. J. Exp. Biol. 208: 3433-3440. Wigby et al. 2009. Curr. Biol. 19:751-757.<\/p>\n

Mots clefs<\/strong>
\nSyst\u00e8me d’accouplement, prot\u00e9ines du fluide s\u00e9minal, r\u00e9ceptivit\u00e9 sexuelle<\/p>\n

Contact<\/strong>
\nDominique.Joly@universite-paris-saclay.fr<\/p>\n

Date de validit\u00e9<\/strong>
\nVendredi 31 Janvier 2014<\/p>\n

Dur\u00e9 (mois)<\/strong>
\n6<\/p>\n

Date de publication du stage<\/strong>
\nLundi 26 Ao\u00fbt 2013<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nom de l’\u00e9quipe d’accueil G\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00c9volutive, Reproduction et Adaptation des drosophiles Responsable Joly Profil du candidat Comportement, biologie \u00e9volutive, reproduction Descriptif du stage Chez les esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 f\u00e9condation interne, le fluide s\u00e9minal est un cocktail complexe de mol\u00e9cules biologiques. Celles-ci sont impliqu\u00e9es dans divers processus qui affectent notamment le comportement et la physiologie de la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-master-ii"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=215"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}