Les boucles \u00e9co-\u00e9volutives d\u00e9crivent les interactions r\u00e9ciproques entre la dynamique de l\u2019adaptation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des organismes et l\u2019environnement dans lequel ils \u00e9voluent. En effet, les composantes abiotiques (comme le climat) et biotiques (comme la pr\u00e9sence de comp\u00e9titeurs) de l\u2019environnement cr\u00e9ent des pressions de s\u00e9lection naturelle sur la morphologie, la physiologie et le comportement des organismes, mais le nombre et les caract\u00e9ristiques morphologiques, physiologiques et comportementales de ces organismes modifient \u00e9galement cet environnement, cr\u00e9ant une intrication complexe qui conditionne la stabilit\u00e9 et le fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. Malgr\u00e9 leur importance, ces boucles de r\u00e9trocontr\u00f4le \u00e9co-\u00e9volutives restent mal comprises, et la communaut\u00e9 dispose de peu d\u2019outils th\u00e9oriques et statistiques pour les mettre en \u00e9vidence et pr\u00e9dire leurs cons\u00e9quences sur la dynamique des populations et l\u2019\u00e9volution des caract\u00e8res. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Une boucle de r\u00e9trocontr\u00f4le \u00e9co-\u00e9volutive potentiellement majeure concerne l\u2019interaction entre la taille des populations (densit\u00e9 d\u2019individus) et la taille corporelle des organismes. La vitesse de croissance et la taille adulte sont soumises \u00e0 des pressions \u00e9volutives importantes, puisqu\u2019elles conditionnent l\u2019\u00e2ge \u00e0 la reproduction, la f\u00e9condit\u00e9, la survie, et les performances comp\u00e9titives des organismes. Cependant, la densit\u00e9 de la population, cons\u00e9quence de son taux de croissance, peut modifier la taille des organismes par un processus physiologique (plasticit\u00e9 ph\u00e9notypique), mais peut aussi modifier l\u2019optimum \u00e9volutif conditionn\u00e9 par l\u2019intensit\u00e9 de la comp\u00e9tition. La taille est donc un caract\u00e8re soumis \u00e0 une boucle \u00e9co-\u00e9volutive complexe; l\u2019\u00e9volution g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la taille entra\u00eenant une modification de la densit\u00e9 des populations, qui va influencer \u00e0 son tour l\u2019optimum g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u2019objectif de ce stage est d\u2019\u00e9tablir et d\u2019explorer un mod\u00e8le \u00e9co-\u00e9volutif pr\u00e9disant conjointement l\u2019\u00e9volution de la taille des organismes et de la densit\u00e9 des populations, en m\u00ealant un mod\u00e8le \u00e9cologique de dynamique des populations et un mod\u00e8le de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique quantitative. Ce mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique servira alors de base pour \u00e9tablir un mod\u00e8le statistique destin\u00e9 \u00e0 estimer la force des interactions \u00e9co-\u00e9volutives \u00e0 partir de s\u00e9ries temporelles empiriques, disponibles au laboratoire d\u2019accueil. Le mod\u00e8le sera impl\u00e9ment\u00e9 et explor\u00e9 avec le logiciel R.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nous recherchons un(e) \u00e9tudiant(e) de master avec une formation solide en g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et\/ou en \u00e9cologie, avec une attirance pour les approches th\u00e9oriques ou statistiques. Un profil scientifique avec une poursuite possible en th\u00e8se (applications statistiques du mod\u00e8le, par des approches Bayesiennes et de r\u00e9seaux de neurones) sera privil\u00e9gi\u00e9. Le stage se d\u00e9roulera au laboratoire EGCE (IDEEV, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay) sur une p\u00e9riode de 6 mois, id\u00e9alement de janvier \u00e0 juin 2026. Il sera co-supervis\u00e9 par Arnaud Le Rouzic (CR CNRS, EGCE, Paris-Saclay) et \u00c9ric \u00c9deline (DR INRAE, DECOD, Rennes).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Contacts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Arnaud Le Rouzic,<\/a> arnaud.le-rouzic@universite-paris-saclay.fr <\/p>\n\n\n\n Publications des \u00e9quipes d\u2019accueil<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Le Rouzic, A., Renneville, C., Millot, A., Agostini, S., Carmignac, D., & \u00c9deline, \u00c9. (2020). Unidirectional response to bidirectional selection on body size II. Quantitative genetics. Ecology and Evolution<\/em>, 10<\/em>(20), 11453-11466.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Edeline, E., Le Rouzic, A., Winfield, I. J., Fletcher, J. M., James, J. B., Stenseth, N. C., & V\u00f8llestad, L. A. (2009). Harvest-induced disruptive selection increases variance in fitness-related traits. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences<\/em>, 276<\/em>(1676), 4163-4171.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bouffet\u2010Halle, A., M\u00e9riguet, J., Carmignac, D., Agostini, S., Millot, A., Perret, S., Motard, E., Decenciere, B. & Edeline, E (2021). Density\u2010dependent natural selection mediates harvest\u2010induced trait changes. Ecology Letters<\/em>, 24<\/em>(4), 648-657<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mod\u00e9lisation et d\u00e9tection des boucles de r\u00e9trocontr\u00f4le\u00e9co-\u00e9volutives Les boucles \u00e9co-\u00e9volutives d\u00e9crivent les interactions r\u00e9ciproques entre la dynamique de l\u2019adaptation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des organismes et l\u2019environnement dans lequel ils \u00e9voluent. En effet, les composantes abiotiques (comme le climat) et biotiques (comme la pr\u00e9sence de comp\u00e9titeurs) de l\u2019environnement cr\u00e9ent des pressions de s\u00e9lection naturelle sur la morphologie, la 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\u00c9ric \u00c9deline<\/a>: eric.edeline@inrae.fr<\/p>\n\n\n\n