{"id":6020,"date":"2015-12-04T17:56:50","date_gmt":"2015-12-04T16:56:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?page_id=6020"},"modified":"2015-12-04T17:56:50","modified_gmt":"2015-12-04T16:56:50","slug":"proposition-de-stage","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?page_id=6020","title":{"rendered":"Proposition de stage"},"content":{"rendered":"

Titre du stage:<\/strong> Evolution in silico des \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables : Mieux comprendre la dynamique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables par une strat\u00e9gie multi-approche
\nDescription du sujet:<\/strong>
\nLes \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables sont des s\u00e9quences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es dans les g\u00e9nomes, capables de se d\u00e9placer et de se dupliquer. Leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en font d’excellents exemples de s\u00e9quences d’ADN \u00ab\u00e9go\u00efstes\u00bb, d\u00e9di\u00e9es \u00e0 leur maintien dans les g\u00e9nomes malgr\u00e9 leur effet neutre, voire d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8re, sur le ph\u00e9notype de l’individu qui les porte. De part leur universalit\u00e9, leur diversit\u00e9 et leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables constituent une force majeure de l’\u00e9volution des g\u00e9nomes.
\nIl est d\u00e9sormais possible, gr\u00e2ce aux g\u00e9nomes s\u00e9quenc\u00e9s, d’accumuler massivement des s\u00e9quences d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables. Pourtant, leur mode d’\u00e9volution reste mal compris. En effet, l’activit\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments est soumise principalement \u00e0 un mode de s\u00e9lection intra-g\u00e9nomique (entre les s\u00e9quences au sein du g\u00e9nome), contrairement aux g\u00e8nes traditionnels qui sont soumis \u00e0 la s\u00e9lection Darwinienne (inter-individuelle au sein de la population). Les pressions de s\u00e9lection sont donc diff\u00e9rentes. La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre mobilis\u00e9 repose sur une interaction physique entre les s\u00e9quences cis de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment et la machinerie de transposition, cod\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment, et qui r\u00e9alise la transposition. De nombreux \u00e9l\u00e9ments maintiennent une capacit\u00e9 de transposition malgr\u00e9 la perte de leur s\u00e9quence codante ; ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments non- autonomes, mobilisables en trans par d’autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la m\u00eame famille, ont un comportement parasite, qui peut impacter fortement la dynamique d\u2018amplification de la famille d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables sont par ailleurs soumis \u00e0 un contr\u00f4le \u00e9troit par le g\u00e9nome, via des r\u00e9gulations \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques de mieux en mieux caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es. Enfin, \u00e0 une \u00e9chelle multi-esp\u00e8ce, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables \u00e9voluent diff\u00e9remment des autres s\u00e9quences g\u00e9nomiques car ils sont fr\u00e9quemment transf\u00e9r\u00e9s d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce \u00e0 l\u2019autre par le biais de transferts horizontaux.
\nL’objectif de ce stage est de mettre en place un cadre d\u2019\u00e9tudes permettant de simuler l\u2019\u00e9volution mol\u00e9culaire et la dynamique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables, au sein d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce, ou d\u2019un groupe d\u2019esp\u00e8ce. Dans les simulations, les s\u00e9quences d’\u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables seront repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es explicitement (s\u00e9quences r\u00e9gulatrices, s\u00e9quences de reconnaissance de la machinerie de transposition, s\u00e9quence codante, etc). Elles seront capables d\u2019\u00e9voluer mol\u00e9culairement, ce qui pourra modifier leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 transposer. Les param\u00e8tres \u00e9volutifs et d\u2019interactions seront inf\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de l\u2019analyse de jeux de donn\u00e9es r\u00e9els. Par ailleurs, les s\u00e9quences d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables seront replac\u00e9es dans les g\u00e9nomes d\u2019individus regroup\u00e9s en populations \u00e0 reproduction sexu\u00e9e. Leur \u00e9volution et leur dynamique seront simul\u00e9es selon les mod\u00e8les de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des populations d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s au laboratoire. Le programme de simulation devra rester modulaire, permettant par la suite d\u2019int\u00e9grer facilement de nouveaux param\u00e8tres tels que la r\u00e9gulation, ou les transferts horizontaux.<\/p>\n

Contact<\/strong> : aurelie.hua-van@universite-paris-saclay.fr<\/a>
\nRetour <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Titre du stage: Evolution in silico des \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables : Mieux comprendre la dynamique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables par une strat\u00e9gie multi-approche Description du sujet: Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments transposables sont des s\u00e9quences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es dans les g\u00e9nomes, capables de se d\u00e9placer et de se dupliquer. Leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s en font d’excellents exemples de s\u00e9quences d’ADN \u00ab\u00e9go\u00efstes\u00bb, d\u00e9di\u00e9es \u00e0 leur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6020","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6020"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6020\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}