{"id":3790,"date":"2014-09-17T16:13:39","date_gmt":"2014-09-17T15:13:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?page_id=3790"},"modified":"2024-05-10T15:53:38","modified_gmt":"2024-05-10T13:53:38","slug":"pheromones-alimentation-chimioreception-et-selection-sexuelle","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?page_id=3790","title":{"rendered":"Comportement et sp\u00e9ciation chez la drosophile"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Comportement et sp\u00e9ciation chez la drosophile<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019origine de nouvelles esp\u00e8ces est l\u2019une des questions les plus fondamentales de la biologie \u00e9volutive. En nous appuyant sur l\u2019h\u00e9ritage unique de notre laboratoire dans l\u2019\u00e9tude de la sp\u00e9ciation chez les drosophiles, et en incorporant de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes en g\u00e9nomique, g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et neurobiologie, nous explorons diff\u00e9rentes facettes des interactions entre sp\u00e9ciation et comportement. Nous supposons que les g\u00e8nes responsables des changements de comportement peuvent \u00eatre li\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re pl\u00e9iotropique aux locus sous-jacents aux divergences physiologiques et morphologiques, favorisant finalement la sp\u00e9ciation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e8mes<\/mark><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\n

1. Perception chimique et changement de plante h\u00f4te<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nous \u00e9tudierons comment la variation intra-sp\u00e9cifique de la perception chimique de diff\u00e9rents composants de v\u00e9g\u00e9taux joue un r\u00f4le dans les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de sp\u00e9ciation \u00e9cologique impliquant des changements d’h\u00f4te. En particulier, nous \u00e9tudierons la perception gustative et l’\u00e9volution comportementale d’esp\u00e8ces de drosophiles \u00e9troitement apparent\u00e9es, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es sur diff\u00e9rents h\u00f4tes, et nous relierons ces diff\u00e9rences \u00e0 leurs besoins nutritionnels et \u00e0 leurs capacit\u00e9s de d\u00e9toxication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>\"\"
\n

2. M\u00e9lanisme et choix du partenaire<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nous \u00e9tudierons un cas unique de dimorphisme de couleur, avec un d\u00e9terminisme mend\u00e9lien simple, limit\u00e9 aux femelles et qui a \u00e9volu\u00e9 chez plusieurs esp\u00e8ces de drosophiles. Nous proposons l’hypoth\u00e8se que le mim\u00e9tisme sexuel qui en r\u00e9sulte a \u00e9volu\u00e9 pour r\u00e9duire le harc\u00e8lement sexuel et a \u00e9t\u00e9 maintenu par une s\u00e9lection balanc\u00e9e au-del\u00e0 de la limite des esp\u00e8ces, par le biais d’effets pl\u00e9iotropes antagonistes et d’interf\u00e9rences avec d’autres signaux sexuels (par exemple, la synth\u00e8se et la perception des ph\u00e9romones) chez les sexes porteurs des diff\u00e9rents all\u00e8les au locus impliqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>\"\"
\n

3. Evolution rapide des organes g\u00e9nitaux et comportement reproducteur<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Chez la plupart des animaux \u00e0 reproduction sexu\u00e9e, les organes g\u00e9nitaux m\u00e2les sont les caract\u00e8res morphologiques qui divergent le plus rapidement dans les esp\u00e8ces naissantes. Une \u00e9volution rapide sugg\u00e8re un r\u00f4le dans l’isolement m\u00e9canique, mais la fa\u00e7on dont la divergence des organes g\u00e9nitaux affecte le comportement reproductif ou la s\u00e9lection sexuelle reste mal comprise. Nous nous concentrerons sur la compr\u00e9hension des bases d\u00e9veloppementales de certains cas exceptionnels impliquant une asym\u00e9trie et une perte d’allom\u00e9trie des organes g\u00e9nitaux masculins, ainsi que sur les ajustements comportementaux et morphologiques des femelles \u00e0 ces \u00e9volutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>\"\"
\n

4. Introgression g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et sp\u00e9ciation exp\u00e9rimentale<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les g\u00e8nes impliqu\u00e9s dans l’isolement reproductif devraient montrer de faibles signaux de flux g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre populations divergentes et esp\u00e8ces naissantes. Nous viserons \u00e0 identifier les g\u00e8nes candidats \u00e0 l’isolement reproductif \u00e0 l’aide d’approches de g\u00e9nomique des populations et nous utiliserons des techniques de transformation de la lign\u00e9e germinale (par exemple, CRISPR\\Cas9) pour \u00e9changer les all\u00e8les de ces g\u00e8nes entre les esp\u00e8ces et tester l’effet de l’introgression sur l’isolement reproductif.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Comportement et sp\u00e9ciation chez la drosophile L\u2019origine de nouvelles esp\u00e8ces est l\u2019une des questions les plus fondamentales de la biologie \u00e9volutive. En nous appuyant sur l\u2019h\u00e9ritage unique de notre laboratoire dans l\u2019\u00e9tude de la sp\u00e9ciation chez les drosophiles, et en incorporant de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes en g\u00e9nomique, g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et neurobiologie, nous explorons diff\u00e9rentes facettes des interactions […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3775,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3790","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3790"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19126,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3790\/revisions\/19126"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}