{"id":12025,"date":"2020-09-30T08:56:32","date_gmt":"2020-09-30T07:56:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?page_id=12025"},"modified":"2020-09-30T08:56:32","modified_gmt":"2020-09-30T07:56:32","slug":"comprendre-les-composantes-du-succes-reproducteur-dun-insecte-parasitoide-analyse-dexpression-genique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/?page_id=12025","title":{"rendered":"Proposition de stage de niveau M2: Comprendre les composantes du succ\u00e8s reproducteur d\u2019un insecte parasito\u00efde : analyse d\u2019expression g\u00e9nique."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Laboratoire d\u2019accueil&nbsp;: Evolution, G\u00e9nome, Comportement et Ecologie (UMR CNRS-IRD-Univ. Paris Saclay). Campus du CNRS, 1 Avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Responsable du stage&nbsp;: Florence Mougel \u2013 <a href=\"&#109;&#x61;i&#108;&#x74;o&#58;&#x66;l&#x6f;&#x72;&#101;&#x6e;c&#101;&#x2e;m&#111;&#x75;g&#x65;&#x6c;&#45;&#x69;&#x6d;&#98;&#x65;r&#116;&#x40;u&#110;&#x69;v&#x65;&#x72;&#115;&#x69;t&#101;&#x2d;p&#97;&#x72;i&#x73;&#x2d;&#115;&#x61;&#x63;&#108;&#x61;y&#46;&#x66;r\">flor&#101;&#110;&#99;&#101;&#46;&#109;&#111;&#x75;&#x67;&#x65;&#x6c;&#x2d;&#x69;&#x6d;&#x62;&#x65;rt&#64;u&#110;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#114;&#115;&#105;&#x74;&#x65;&#x2d;&#x70;&#x61;&#x72;&#x69;&#x73;&#x2d;sacl&#97;&#121;&#46;&#102;&#114;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Descriptif du stage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les insectes parasito\u00efdes jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel dans les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes <em>via<\/em> la r\u00e9gulation des effectifs d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sp\u00e9cifiques d\u2019une seule ou d\u2019un petit nombre d\u2019esp\u00e8ces h\u00f4tes, ils sont tr\u00e8s \u00e9tudi\u00e9s pour aborder des questions de co\u00e9volution. Ils sont \u00e9galement des organismes de choix pour le biocontr\u00f4le d\u2019insectes ravageurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notre \u00e9quipe s\u2019int\u00e9resse \u00e0 l\u2019Hym\u00e9nopt\u00e8re Africain <em>Cotesia typhae<\/em>, parasite de <em>Sesamia nonagrioides <\/em>dont les chenilles forent des tiges de plantes herbac\u00e9es sauvages et cultiv\u00e9es. <em>C. typhae<\/em> est un endoparasito\u00efde gr\u00e9gaire qui pond de nombreux \u0153ufs \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de son h\u00f4te o\u00f9 ils vont se d\u00e9velopper jusqu\u2019au dernier stade larvaire. Les larves \u00e9mergent alors de l\u2019h\u00f4te, entrainant sa mort, pour tisser leur cocon de nymphose. Les adultes \u00e9mergeant des cocons vont s\u2019accoupler et les femelles iront ensuite pondre dans de nouveaux h\u00f4tes. La gu\u00eape parasito\u00efde poss\u00e8de en outre un endovirus symbiotique int\u00e9gr\u00e9 \u00e0 son g\u00e9nome dont l\u2019expression intervient dans le contournement des d\u00e9fenses immunitaires de l\u2019h\u00f4te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Des \u00e9tudes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques ont permis d\u2019identifier des fragments g\u00e9nomiques impliqu\u00e9s dans la variation du succ\u00e8s reproducteur observ\u00e9 entre diff\u00e9rentes lign\u00e9es de <em>C. typhae<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>. Certains de ces fragments comprennent des g\u00e8nes d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat (g\u00e8nes viraux, composants du venin\u2026) mais \u00e9galement plusieurs autres g\u00e8nes qui pourraient impacter la reproduction du parasito\u00efde. L\u2019objectif de ce stage est de compl\u00e9ter cette analyse g\u00e9n\u00e9tique par une analyse d\u2019expression diff\u00e9rentielle qui permettrait 1) de r\u00e9duire la liste des g\u00e8nes candidats au sein des fragments g\u00e9nomiques identifi\u00e9s et 2) d\u2019explorer la construction d\u2019un ph\u00e9notype au travers de l\u2019expression des g\u00e8nes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deux exp\u00e9rimentations sont pr\u00e9vues&nbsp;afin de comparer l\u2019expression g\u00e9nique de 2 lign\u00e9es de parasito\u00efde : &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Analyse RNAseq sur la gu\u00eape femelle en fin de nymphose et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence.<\/li><li>Analyse RNAseq sur la chenille h\u00f4te post-parasitisme.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Une \u00e9tude pr\u00e9liminaire sur des g\u00e8nes candidats bien identifi\u00e9s permettra \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tudiant(e) recrut\u00e9(e) de se familiariser avec le sujet d\u2019\u00e9tude et d\u2019assurer l\u2019obtention de r\u00e9sultats exploitables dans la dur\u00e9e du stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tudiant(e) recrut\u00e9(e) aura en charge&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>La pr\u00e9paration des \u00e9chantillons d\u2019ARN en vue du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age (manipulation des insectes pour effectuer le parasitisme, dissection des insectes, extraction d\u2019ARN).<\/li><li>L\u2019analyse d\u2019expression par PCR quantitative pour certains g\u00e8nes candidats.<\/li><li>L\u2019analyse informatique des donn\u00e9es de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age (nettoyage des s\u00e9quences, alignement sur le transcriptome et comptage, analyse d\u2019expression diff\u00e9rentielle, clustering).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tudiant(e) b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiera de l\u2019aide du personnel de l\u2019\u00e9quipe pour les exp\u00e9riences de parasitisme, de biologie mol\u00e9culaire et d\u2019analyse bioinformatique des donn\u00e9es de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Molecular Ecology DOI: 10.1111\/mec.15567<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laboratoire d\u2019accueil&nbsp;: Evolution, G\u00e9nome, Comportement et Ecologie (UMR CNRS-IRD-Univ. Paris Saclay). Campus du CNRS, 1 Avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex. Responsable du stage&nbsp;: Florence Mougel \u2013 &#102;&#x6c;o&#114;&#x65;n&#x63;&#x65;&#46;&#x6d;o&#117;&#x67;e&#108;&#x2d;&#105;&#x6d;b&#101;&#x72;t&#64;&#x75;&#110;&#x69;&#x76;&#101;&#x72;s&#105;&#x74;e&#x2d;&#x70;&#97;&#x72;i&#115;&#x2d;s&#97;&#x63;&#108;&#x61;y&#46;&#x66;r Descriptif du stage Les insectes parasito\u00efdes jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel dans les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes via la r\u00e9gulation des effectifs d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sp\u00e9cifiques d\u2019une seule ou d\u2019un [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12025","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12025"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12025\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.egce.universite-paris-saclay.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}